
For most strand and rope designs, where the lay angle is relatively small (<10ยบ), the results from the elliptical theory produce wire and lay angle selections suitable for manufacture. More accurate calculations, discussed here after are often negated by production requirements relating to machine capability, wire tolerance, operator skill etc.
The diagram on the Right shows that the shape of the outer wires in cross section is not elliptical but ellipsoidal. To develop suitable equations to select ideal wire diameters and lay lengths we need to delve into the world of three dimensions.

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